Wide vector execution in single thread mode for an out-of-order processor

ABSTRACT

Embodiments of the present invention include methods, systems, and computer program products for implementing wide vector execution in a single thread mode for an out-of-order processor. A non-limiting example of the computer-implemented method includes entering, by the out-of-order processor, a single thread mode. The method further includes partitioning, by the out-of-order processor, a vector register file into a plurality of register files, each of the plurality of register files being associated with a vector execution unit, the vector execution units forming a wide vector execution unit. The method further includes receiving, by a vector scalar register of the out-of-order processor, a wide vector instruction. The method further includes processing, by the wide vector execution unit, the wide vector instruction.

BACKGROUND

Embodiments of the present invention related in general to instructionsequencing in an out-of-order (OoO) processor, and more specifically towide vector execution in a single thread mode for an out-of-orderprocessor.

In an out-of-order (OoO) processor, an instruction sequencing unit (ISU)dispatches instructions to various issue queues, renames registers insupport of OoO execution, issues instructions from the various issuequeues to the execution pipelines, completes execution instructions, andhandles exception conditions. Register renaming is typically performedby mapper logic in the ISU before the instructions are placed in theirrespective issue queues.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of the present invention include methods, systems, andcomputer program products for implementing wide vector execution in asingle thread mode for an out-of-order processor. A non-limiting exampleof the computer-implemented method includes entering, by theout-of-order processor, a single thread mode. The method furtherincludes partitioning, by the out-of-order processor, a vector registerfile into a plurality of register files, each of the plurality ofregister files being associated with a vector execution unit, the vectorexecution units forming a wide vector execution unit. The method furtherincludes receiving, by a vector scalar register of the out-of-orderprocessor, a wide vector instruction. The method further includesprocessing, by the wide vector execution unit, the wide vectorinstruction.

Additional technical features and benefits are realized through thetechniques of the present invention. Embodiments and aspects of theinvention are described in detail herein and are considered a part ofthe claimed subject matter. For a better understanding, refer to thedetailed description and to the drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The specifics of the exclusive rights described herein are particularlypointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion ofthe specification. The foregoing and other features and advantages ofthe embodiments of the invention are apparent from the followingdetailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawingsin which:

FIG. 1 depicts a block diagram of a processing system that includes aninstruction sequencing unit (ISU) of an out-of-order (OoO) processor forimplementing wide vector execution in a single thread mode according toone or more embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 2 depicts a block diagram of a vector-and-scalar unit (VSU) 200that supports 128 bit wide vectors and up to 4 threads according to oneor more embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 3 depicts a vector-scalar register having vector execution unitswith their respective register files in single thread mode;

FIG. 4 depicts a vector-scalar register having vector execution unitswith their respective register files in SMT2 mode;

FIG. 5 depicts a vector-scalar register having vector execution unitswith their respective register files in SMT4 mode;

FIG. 6 depicts a vector-scalar register having vector execution unitswith their respective register files for wide vector execution in STmode according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 7 depicts a flow diagram of a method for wide vector execution inST mode according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;and

FIG. 8 depicts a processing system for implementing the techniquesdescribed herein according to one or more embodiments of the presentinvention.

The diagrams depicted herein are illustrative. There can be manyvariations to the diagram or the operations described therein withoutdeparting from the spirit of the invention. For instance, the actionscan be performed in a differing order or actions can be added, deletedor modified. Also, the term “coupled” and variations thereof describeshaving a communications path between two elements and does not imply adirect connection between the elements with no interveningelements/connections between them. All of these variations areconsidered a part of the specification.

In the accompanying figures and following detailed description of thedisclosed embodiments, the various elements illustrated in the figuresare provided with two or three digit reference numbers. With minorexceptions, the leftmost digit(s) of each reference number correspond tothe figure in which its element is first illustrated.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Out-of-order (OoO) processors execute instructions in an order based onthe availability of input data instead of by the instructions' originalorder in a program. This enables OoO processors to avoid being idlewhile waiting for a preceding instruction to complete before retrievingdata for a next instruction in a program and to process the nextinstructions that are able to run immediately and independently.Accordingly, OoO processors reduce wasted cycles because instructioncycles that would otherwise be wasted by delay can be utilized.

Some OoO processors utilize different modes or operating states forprocessing instructions. For example, an OoO processor can operate in asingle thread mode to execute instructions in a single thread (ST) andcan operate in a multithread (MT) mode to execute instructions inmultiple threads. MT mode can include different types of simultaneousmultithreading (SMT) modes (e.g., symmetric multiprocessing 2 (SMP2),symmetric multiprocessing 4 (SMP 4), etc.), which are described in moredetail herein.

OoO processors typically have a fixed vector width (e.g., 128-bits).There is a desire to increase the vector width, such as to 512-bits or1024-bits. However, expanding vector width is very expensive. Forexample, there are at least four threads (per core) in some existing OoOprocessor designs, so increasing the width affects the register filegrowth significantly. For example, if four threads are maintained forwide vector execution, then the bits for the architected states grow bya factor of four to 512-bits wide. There is also a growth in the numberof bits being read or written.

In order to increase OoO processor vector width (e.g., an increase from128 b to 512 b), existing code must include a significant amount ofinstruction level parallelism involving a large number of 128 boperations. Consequently, workloads using the OoO processor's pipelineare likely doing so heavily, preventing much gain from SMT execution.

To reduce system costs, embodiments of the present invention enable widevector execution when the OoO processor is in a single thread mode. Forexample, the present techniques provide wide vector execution in singlethread mode by borrowing SMT mode registers. SMT is a processortechnology that allows multiple instruction streams (threads) to runconcurrently on the same physical processor, improving overallthroughput.

The OoO processor architecture uses four threads of 64 entries. Usingthe present techniques, only one of the four threads is allowed to usewide vector. In particular, the present techniques repartition entriesin a register file to achieve a vector that is four times wider for STmode. Extra wires are added in silicon to support split allocation. Forexample, three read and four write wires may be used for eachpartitioned portion of a file registry to the 128-bit wide vectors toachieve a 512-bit wide vector. Register file size is similar, but whenexecuting 512 b-wide vector, it only supports ST mode (SMT2 or SMT4 modeexecution does not get 512 b wide vector facility).

In order to have significant benefit for going from 128-bit to 512-bitvector width, the existing code must have a huge amount of instructionlevel parallelism (ILP) involving a large number of 128-bit operations.That means the workload is likely using the pipeline very heavily,preventing much gain from SMT execution.

To reduce cost, the present techniques allow wide vector execution onlywhen the core can be put in an ST mode. In such cases, the 512-bitoperations are allowed in ST mode only. To store the architected statesthe processor does not need any additional bits. The OoO processorarchitecture has 64×128-bits per thread. In the SMT4 mode, that is4×64×128-bits. According to the present techniques, 64×512-bits can beprovided in ST mode only. In other examples, it is possible to have32×1024-bits in ST mode only.

Turning now to FIG. 1, a block diagram of a processing system 100 thatincludes an instruction sequencing unit (ISU) of an out-of-order (OoO)processor wide vector execution in a single thread mode is generallyshown according to one or more embodiments of the invention. The system100 shown in FIG. 1 includes an instruction fetch unit/instructiondecode unit (IFU/IDU) 106 that fetches and decodes instructions forinput to a setup block 108 which prepares the decoded instructions forinput to a mapper 110 of the ISU. In accordance with one or moreembodiments, six instructions at a time from a thread can be fetched anddecoded by the IFU/IDU 106. In accordance with one or more embodimentsof the present invention, the six instructions sent to the setup block108 can include six non-branch instructions, five non-branchinstructions and one branch instruction, or four non-branch instructionsand two branch instructions. In accordance with one or more embodiments,the setup block 108 checks that sufficient resources such as entries inthe issue queues, completion table, mappers and register files existbefore transmitting the fetched instructions to these blocks in the ISU.

The mappers 110 shown in FIG. 1 map programmer instructions (e.g.,logical register names) to physical resources of the processor (e.g.,physical register addresses). A variety of mappers 110 is shown in FIG.1 including a condition register (CR) mapper; a link/count (LNK/CNT)register mapper; an integer exception register (XER) mapper; a unifiedmapper (UMapper) for mapping general purpose registers (GPRs) andvector-scalar registers (VSRs); an architected mapper (ARCH Mapper) formapping GPRs and VSRs; and, a floating point status and control register(FPSCR) mapper.

The output from the setup block 108 is also input to a global completiontable (GCT) 112 for tracking the instructions currently in the ISU. Theoutput from the setup block 108 is also input to a dispatch unit 114 fordispatching the instructions to an issue queue. The embodiment of theISU shown in FIG. 1 includes a CR issue queue, CR ISQ 116, whichreceives and tracks instructions from the CR mapper and issues 120 themto instruction fetch unit (IFU) 124 to execute CR logical instructionsand movement instructions. Also shown in FIG. 1 is a branch issue queue,Branch ISQ 118, which receives and tracks branch instructions andLNK/CNT physical addresses from the LNK/CNT mapper. Branch ISQ 118 canissue 122 an instruction to IFU 124 to redirect instruction fetching ifa predicted branch address and/or direction was incorrect.

Instructions output from the dispatch logic and renamed registers fromthe LNK/CNT mapper, XER mapper, UMapper GPR/VSR, ARCH Mapper GPR/VSR,and FPSCR mapper are input to issue queue 102. As shown in FIG. 1, issuequeue 102 tracks issued floating point instructions (Fx), loadinstructions (L), store instructions (S), and vector-and-scalar unit(VSU) instructions. As shown in the embodiment of FIG. 1, issue queue102 is broken up into two parts, ISQ0 1020 and ISQ1 1021, each portionholding forty-eight instructions.

When the processor is executing in single thread (ST) mode, the issuequeue 102 can be used as a single logical issue queue that contains bothISQ0 1020 and ISQ1 1021 to process all of the instructions (in thisexample all ninety-six instructions) of a single thread. When theprocessor is executing in MT mode, ISQ0 1020 can be used to processforty-eight instructions from a first thread and ISQ1 1021 is used toprocess forty-eight instructions from a second thread ISQ1 1021.

As shown in FIG. 1, issue queue 102 issues instructions to executionunits 104 which are split into two groups of execution units 1040 1041.Both groups of execution units 1040 1041 shown in FIG. 1 include a fullfixed point execution unit (Full FX0, Full FX1); a load execution unit(LU0, LU1); a simple fixed point, store data, and store addressexecution unit (Simple FX0/STD0/STA0, Simple FX1/STD1/STA1); and afloating point, vector multimedia extension, decimal floating point, andstore data execution unit (FP/VMX/DFP/STD0, FP/VMX/DFP/STD1).Collectively, the LU0, the Simple FX0/STD0/STA0, and the FPNMX/DFP/STD0form a load-store unit (LSU) 1042. Similarly, the LU1, the SimpleFX1/STD1/STA1, and the FP/VMX/DFP/STD1 form a load-store unit (LSU)1043.

As shown in FIG. 1, when the processor is executing in ST mode, thefirst group of execution units 1040 execute instructions issued fromISQ0 1020 and the second group of execution units 1041 executeinstructions issued from ISQ1 1021. In alternate embodiments when theprocessor is executing in ST mode, instructions issued from both ISQ01020 and ISQ1 1021 in issue queue 102 can be issued to execution unitsin any of the execution units 1040 in the first group of execution units1040 and the second group of execution units 1041.

In accordance with one or more embodiments, when the processor isexecuting in MT mode, the first group of execution units 1040 executeinstructions of the first thread issued from ISQ0 1020 and the secondgroup of execution units 1041 execute instructions of the second threadissued from ISQ1 1021.

The number of entries in the issue queue 102 and sizes of other elements(e.g., bus widths, queue sizes) shown in FIG. 1 are intended to beexemplary in nature as embodiments of the present invention can beimplemented for issue queues and other elements of a variety ofdifferent sizes. In accordance with one or more embodiments of thepresent invention, the sizes are selectable, or programmable.

Turning now to FIG. 2, a block diagram of a vector-and-scalar unit (VSU)200 that supports 128 bit wide vectors and up to 4 threads according toone or more embodiments of the invention. The VSU 200 includes variouscomponents/modules configured and arranged as shown. The variouscomponents, modules, engines, etc. described regarding FIG. 2 may beimplemented as instructions stored on a computer-readable storagemedium, as hardware modules, as special-purpose hardware (e.g.,application specific hardware, application specific integrated circuits(ASICs), as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) as embeddedcontrollers, hardwired circuitry, etc.), or as some combination orcombinations of these.

The VSU 200 is configurable to operate in one or more modes, includingST mode and MT mode. According to exemplary embodiments of the presentinvention, the VSU 200 is configured to operate in one of an ST mode, anSMT2 mode, and an SMT4 mode. SMT enables separate instruction streams,or threads, to run concurrently on the same physical processor, or core.For example, in the ST mode, 1 thread runs. However, in the SMT2 mode, 2threads run concurrently, and in the SMT4 mode, 4 threads runconcurrently.

Load data are received from a load-store unit (e.g., the LSU 1042 and/orthe LSU 1043) of the system 100 of FIG. 1. The load data are input intoa vector-scalar register (VSR) (e.g., VSR 202, VSR 203) of the VSU 200.According to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 2,each VSR 202, 203 is a 128 entry, 128 bits (plus parity) register.

The load data are then sent from the VSR 202, 203 to bypass networks204, 205 respectively. The VSR 202 sends the load data to the LSU (e.g.,LSU 1042) as store data and to one of a vector fixed module 210, apermute module 212, a binary floating-point unit (BFU) module 214, adivide module 216, or a crypto module 218. Similarly, the VSR 203 sendsthe load data to the LSU (e.g., LSU 1043) as store data and to one of avector fixed module 211, a permute module 213, a BFU module 215, adivide module 217, or a decimal floating-point unit (DFU) module 219

The output from the vector fixed module 210, the permute module 212, theBFU module 214, the divide module 216, or the crypto module 218 is fedback into the VSR 202 and the VSR 203. Likewise, the output from thevector fixed module 211, the permute module 213, the BFU module 215, thedivide module 217, or the DFU module 219 is fed back into the VSR 202and the VSR 203 is also fed back into the VSR 202 and the VSR 203.

FIG. 3 depicts a vector-scalar register 300 having vector executionunits 302, 303 with their respective register files 304, 305 in singlethread mode. The VSR 300 can be one of VSR 202 and/or VSR 203, forexample. The register files 304, 305 are each 128 b wide register fileswith 64 entries each, and each of the register files 304, 305 containthe states of a single thread. In this example, the two sides of theregister file contain the same content because the two sides work on thesame thread. Accordingly, 64 spare entries on each side of the vectorexecution units 302, 303 exist. In one or more embodiments of thepresent invention, this enables register renaming in ST mode. In MT4mode, these 64 spare entries are used to store architected states.

FIG. 4 depicts a vector-scalar register 400 having vector executionunits 402, 403 with their respective register files 404, 405 in SMT2(i.e., two threads are being processed) mode. The VSR 400 can be one ofVSR 202 and/or VSR 203, for example. The register files 404, 405 eachare 128 b wide register files with 128 entries each. The register file404 contains the states of a first thread, and the register file 405contains the states of a second thread. In the example of FIG. 4, theregister files 404, 405 are depicted without register renaming becausethe value of register renaming diminishes as the number of threads percore increases.

FIG. 5 depicts a vector-scalar register 500 having vector executionunits 502, 503 with their respective register files 504, 505 in SMT4(i.e., four threads are being processed) mode. The VSR 500 can be one ofVSR 202 and/or VSR 203, for example. The register files 504, 505 areeach 128 b wide register files with 128 entries each. The register file504 contains the states of two of the four threads (e.g., a first threadand a second thread), and the register file 505 contains the states ofthe other two of the four threads (e.g., a third thread and fourththread). In the example of FIG. 5, the register files 504, 505 aredepicted without register renaming. If register renaming is used in SMT4mode, more register entries are needed.

In each of the examples of FIGS. 3-5, the vector execution units 302,303, 402, 403, 502, 503 are 128 b wide. That is, each of the vectorexecution units can only process 128 bit wide vectors.

FIG. 6 depicts a vector-scalar register 600 having vector executionunits 602, 603 with their respective register files 604, 605 for widevector execution in ST mode according to one or more embodiments of thepresent invention. In particular, FIG. 6 depicts register file 604 ashaving four 128 bit wide, 32-entry register files 604 a, 604 b, 604 c,604 d and register file 605 as having four 128 bit wide, 32-entryregister files 605 a, 605 b, 605 c, 605 d. The VSR 600 can be one of VSR202 and/or VSR 203, for example. That is, the register files 603, 605are partitioned into a plurality of register files (e.g., register files604 a-604 d and register files 605 a-605 d respectively).

The vector execution unit 602 is a 512 b wide vector execution unit thatis made up of four separate 128 b vector execution units 602 a, 602 b,602 c, 602 d that correspond to the register files 604 a, 604 b, 604 c,604 d respectively. Similarly, the vector execution unit 603 is a 512 bwide vector execution unit that is made up of four separate 128 b vectorexecution units 602 a, 602 b, 602 c, 602 d that correspond to theregister files 604 a, 604 b, 604 c, 604 d respectively. Accordingly, inST mode, each of the vector execution units 602, 603 can process a 512 bwide vector by utilizing each of the vector execution units thatcomprise the wide vector execution unit. However, in SMT2 mode and/orSMT4 mode, the 512 b wide vector execution units 602, 603 are notavailable, as the individual vector execution units (e.g., 602 a-602 d,603 a-603 d) are used by the corresponding register files to process theadditional threads used in MT modes.

In this example, the physical size of the register files 604, 605 fileis similar to the physical size of the register files 304, 305, 404,405, 504, 505. That is, the register files 604, 605 occupy approximatelythe same physical space on a circuit board as the register files 304,305, 404, 405, 504, 505 that only execute 128 b wide instructions whilethe register files 605, 605 can execute 512 b wide vector instructions.

FIG. 7 depicts a flow diagram of a method 700 for wide vector executionin ST mode according to embodiments of the invention. The method 700 canbe implemented by a suitable processing system, such as the processingsystem 100 of FIG. 1, the processing system 800 of FIG. 8, or anothersuitable processing system.

At block 702, the OoO processor enters a single thread mode. Forexample, the OoO processor can be in a single thread mode or an MT mode(e.g., SMP2 mode, SMP4 mode, etc.). The OoO processor enters the singlethread mode from one of the MT modes at block 702.

At block 704, the OoO processor partitions a vector register file (e.g.,register file 604) into a plurality of register files (e.g., registerfiles 604 a-604 d). Each of the plurality of register files isassociated with a vector execution unit (e.g., vector execution units602 a-602 d). The vector execution units form a wide vector executionunit (e.g., wide vector execution unit 602).

At block 706, a vector scalar register (VSR) of the OoO processorreceives a wide vector instruction. For example, the VSR can receive thewide vector instruction from an LSU (e.g., the LSU 1042 and/or the LSU1043 of FIG. 1).

At block 708, the wide vector execution unit processes the wide vectorinstruction. Additional processes also may be included, and it should beunderstood that the processes depicted in FIG. 7 representillustrations, and that other processes may be added or existingprocesses may be removed, modified, or rearranged without departing fromthe scope and spirit of the present disclosure.

Turning now to FIG. 8, a block diagram of a computer system 800 forimplementing some or all aspects of wide vector execution in a singlethread mode is generally shown according to one or more embodiments ofthe invention. The processing described herein can be implemented inhardware, software (e.g., firmware), or a combination thereof. In anexemplary embodiment, the methods described can be implemented, at leastin part, in hardware and can be part of the microprocessor of a specialor general-purpose computer system 800, such as a mobile device,personal computer, workstation, minicomputer, or mainframe computer.

In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG.8, the computer system800includes a processor 805, memory 810 coupled to a memory controller 815,and one or more input devices 845 and/or output devices 840, such asperipherals, that are communicatively coupled via a local I/O controller835. These devices 840 and 845 can include, for example, a printer, ascanner, a microphone, and the like. A conventional keyboard 850 andmouse 855 can be coupled to the I/O controller 835. The I/O controller835 can be, for example, one or more buses or other wired or wirelessconnections, as are known in the art. The I/O controller 835 can haveadditional elements, which are omitted for simplicity, such ascontrollers, buffers (caches), drivers, repeaters, and receivers, toenable communications.

The I/O devices 840, 845 can further include devices that communicateboth inputs and outputs, for instance disk and tape storage, a networkinterface card (MC) or modulator/demodulator (for accessing other files,devices, systems, or a network), a radio frequency (RF) or othertransceiver, a telephonic interface, a bridge, a router, and the like.

The processor 805 is a hardware device for executing hardwareinstructions or software, particularly those stored in memory 810. Theprocessor 805 can be a custom made or commercially available processor,a central processing unit (CPU), an auxiliary processor among severalprocessors associated with the computer system 800, a semiconductorbased microprocessor (in the form of a microchip or chip set), amicroprocessor, or other device for executing instructions. Theprocessor 805 can include a cache such as, but not limited to, aninstruction cache to speed up executable instruction fetch, a data cacheto speed up data fetch and store, and a translation look-aside buffer(TLB) used to speed up virtual-to-physical address translation for bothexecutable instructions and data. The cache can be organized as ahierarchy of more cache levels (L1, L2, etc.).

The memory 810 can include one or combinations of volatile memoryelements (e.g., random access memory, RAM, such as DRAM, SRAM, SDRAM,etc.) and nonvolatile memory elements (e.g., ROM, erasable programmableread only memory (EPROM), electronically erasable programmable read onlymemory (EEPROM), programmable read only memory (PROM), tape, compactdisc read only memory (CD-ROM), disk, diskette, cartridge, cassette orthe like, etc.). Moreover, the memory 810 can incorporate electronic,magnetic, optical, or other types of storage media. Note that the memory810 can have a distributed architecture, where various components aresituated remote from one another but can be accessed by the processor805.

The instructions in memory 810 can include one or more separateprograms, each of which comprises an ordered listing of executableinstructions for implementing logical functions. In the example of FIG.8, the instructions in the memory 810 include a suitable operatingsystem (OS) 811. The operating system 811 essentially can control theexecution of other computer programs and provides scheduling,input-output control, file and data management, memory management, andcommunication control and related services.

Additional data, including, for example, instructions for the processor805 or other retrievable information, can be stored in storage 820,which can be a storage device such as a hard disk drive or solid statedrive. The stored instructions in memory 810 or in storage 820 caninclude those enabling the processor to execute one or more aspects ofthe dispatch systems and methods of this disclosure.

The computer system 800 can further include a display controller 825coupled to a display 830. In an exemplary embodiment, the computersystem 800 can further include a network interface 860 for coupling to anetwork 865. The network 865 can be an IP-based network forcommunication between the computer system 800 and an external server,client and the like via a broadband connection. The network 865transmits and receives data between the computer system 800 and externalsystems. In an exemplary embodiment, the network 865 can be a managed IPnetwork administered by a service provider. The network 865 can beimplemented in a wireless fashion, e.g., using wireless protocols andtechnologies, such as WiFi, WiMax, etc. The network 865 can also be apacket-switched network such as a local area network, wide area network,metropolitan area network, the Internet, or other similar type ofnetwork environment. The network865 can be a fixed wireless network, awireless local area network (LAN), a wireless wide area network (WAN) apersonal area network (PAN), a virtual private network (VPN), intranetor other suitable network system and can include equipment for receivingand transmitting signals.

Systems and methods for implementing wide vector execution in a singlethread mode as described herein can be embodied, in whole or in part, incomputer program products or in computer systems 800, such as thatillustrated in FIG.8.

Various embodiments of the invention are described herein with referenceto the related drawings. Alternative embodiments of the invention can bedevised without departing from the scope of this invention. Variousconnections and positional relationships (e.g., over, below, adjacent,etc.) are set forth between elements in the following description and inthe drawings. These connections and/or positional relationships, unlessspecified otherwise, can be direct or indirect, and the presentinvention is not intended to be limiting in this respect. Accordingly, acoupling of entities can refer to either a direct or an indirectcoupling, and a positional relationship between entities can be a director indirect positional relationship. Moreover, the various tasks andprocess steps described herein can be incorporated into a morecomprehensive procedure or process having additional steps orfunctionality not described in detail herein.

The following definitions and abbreviations are to be used for theinterpretation of the claims and the specification. As used herein, theterms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” “has,”“having,” “contains” or “containing,” or any other variation thereof,are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, acomposition, a mixture, process, method, article, or apparatus thatcomprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only thoseelements but can include other elements not expressly listed or inherentto such composition, mixture, process, method, article, or apparatus.

Additionally, the term “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as anexample, instance or illustration.” Any embodiment or design describedherein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred oradvantageous over other embodiments or designs. The terms “at least one”and “one or more” may be understood to include any integer numbergreater than or equal to one, i.e. one, two, three, four, etc. The terms“a plurality” may be understood to include any integer number greaterthan or equal to two, i.e. two, three, four, five, etc. The term“connection” may include both an indirect “connection” and a direct“connection.”

The terms “about,” “substantially,” “approximately,” and variationsthereof, are intended to include the degree of error associated withmeasurement of the particular quantity based upon the equipmentavailable at the time of filing the application. For example, “about”can include a range of ±8% or 5%, or 2% of a given value.

For the sake of brevity, conventional techniques related to making andusing aspects of the invention may or may not be described in detailherein. In particular, various aspects of computing systems and specificcomputer programs to implement the various technical features describedherein are well known. Accordingly, in the interest of brevity, manyconventional implementation details are only mentioned briefly herein orare omitted entirely without providing the well-known system and/orprocess details.

The present invention may be a system, a method, and/or a computerprogram product at any possible technical detail level of integration.The computer program product may include a computer readable storagemedium (or media) having computer readable program instructions thereonfor causing a processor to carry out aspects of the present invention.

The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that canretain and store instructions for use by an instruction executiondevice. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but isnot limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device,an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, asemiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of theforegoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of thecomputer readable storage medium includes the following: a portablecomputer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), aread-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROMor Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portablecompact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD),a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such aspunch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructionsrecorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. Acomputer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construedas being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freelypropagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagatingthrough a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulsespassing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmittedthrough a wire.

Computer readable program instructions described herein can bedownloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computerreadable storage medium or to an external computer or external storagedevice via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, awide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may comprisecopper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wirelesstransmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/oredge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in eachcomputing/processing device receives computer readable programinstructions from the network and forwards the computer readable programinstructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium withinthe respective computing/processing device.

Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations ofthe present invention may be assembler instructions,instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions,machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions,state-setting data, configuration data for integrated circuitry, oreither source code or object code written in any combination of one ormore programming languages, including an object oriented programminglanguage such as Smalltalk, C++, or the like, and procedural programminglanguages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programminglanguages. The computer readable program instructions may executeentirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as astand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partlyon a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. Inthe latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user'scomputer through any type of network, including a local area network(LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to anexternal computer (for example, through the Internet using an InternetService Provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including,for example, programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gatearrays (FPGA), or programmable logic arrays (PLA) may execute thecomputer readable program instruction by utilizing state information ofthe computer readable program instructions to personalize the electroniccircuitry, in order to perform aspects of the present invention.

Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference toflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus(systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of theinvention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchartillustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in theflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented bycomputer readable program instructions.

These computer readable program instructions may be provided to aprocessor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, orother programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, suchthat the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computeror other programmable data processing apparatus, create means forimplementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or blockdiagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructionsmay also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can directa computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or otherdevices to function in a particular manner, such that the computerreadable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises anarticle of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects ofthe function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram blockor blocks.

The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto acomputer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other deviceto cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer,other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computerimplemented process, such that the instructions which execute on thecomputer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement thefunctions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block orblocks.

The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate thearchitecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementationsof systems, methods, and computer program products according to variousembodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in theflowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portionof instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions forimplementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternativeimplementations, the functions noted in the blocks may occur out of theorder noted in the Figures. For example, two blocks shown in successionmay, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks maysometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon thefunctionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of theblock diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocksin the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implementedby special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specifiedfunctions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardwareand computer instructions.

The descriptions of the various embodiments of the present inventionhave been presented for purposes of illustration, but are not intendedto be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Manymodifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skillin the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the describedembodiments. The terminology used herein was chosen to best explain theprinciples of the embodiments, the practical application or technicalimprovement over technologies found in the marketplace, or to enableothers of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodimentsdescribed herein.

What is claimed: 1-8. (canceled)
 9. A system for wide vector executionfor an out-of-order processor, the system comprising: a memory havingcomputer readable instructions; and the out-of-order processor forexecuting the computer readable instructions, the computer readableinstructions controlling the out-of-order processor to performoperations comprising: entering a single thread mode; partitioning avector register file into a plurality of register files, each of theplurality of register files being associated with a vector executionunit, the vector execution units forming a wide vector execution unit;receiving a wide vector instruction at a vector scalar register; andprocessing the wide vector instruction in a wide vector execution unit.10. The system of claim 9, wherein entering the single thread modecomprises entering the single thread mode from a multithread mode. 11.The system of claim 10, wherein the multithread mode is a symmetricmultiprocessing 2 (SMP2) mode.
 12. The system of claim 10, wherein themultithread mode is a symmetric multiprocessing 4 (SMP4) mode.
 13. Thesystem of claim 9, wherein the wide vector instruction is received froma load-store unit of the out-of-order processor.
 14. The system of claim9, wherein the wide vector instruction is larger than any one of theplurality of register files.
 15. The system of claim 9, wherein vectorexecution unit is 128 bits, and wherein the wide vector execution unitis 512 bits.
 16. The system of claim 9, wherein the vector register fileis 128 bits and 128 entries, and wherein each of the plurality ofregister files is 128 bits and 32 entries.
 17. A computer programproduct comprising a computer readable storage medium having programinstructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable byan out-of-order processor to cause the out-of-order processor to performoperations comprising: entering, by the out-of-order processor, a singlethread mode; partitioning, by the out-of-order processor, a vectorregister file into a plurality of register files, each of the pluralityof register files being associated with a vector execution unit, thevector execution units forming a wide vector execution unit; receiving,by a vector scalar register of the out-of-order processor, a wide vectorinstruction; and processing, by the wide vector execution unit, the widevector instruction.
 18. The computer program product of claim 17,wherein entering the single thread mode comprises entering the singlethread mode from a multithread mode.
 19. The computer program product ofclaim 18, wherein the multithread mode is a symmetric multiprocessing 2(SMP2) mode.
 20. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein themultithread mode is a symmetric multiprocessing 4 (SMP4) mode.